CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL PALM LEAF PAPER WITH STARCH AS BINDER

Sabrina Soloi1*, Adib Afifi Mohammad1
1Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
*Corresponding author: sabrinas@ums.edu.my

ABSTRACT. The utilization of agro-based fibre in replacing the wood fibre for pulp and paper making has been the subject of interest due to the abundance of this agro-based fibre as well as to reduce the usage of wood pulp. The presence of cellulose and hemicellulose in acceptable amount for pulp paper makes this agro based fibre an alternative in paper making industry. Previous study has shown that oil palm leaf fibre can be moulded into paper sheet without any binding agent, however, the physical properties ofthe paper were very low compare to other non-wood paper. In this study, the oil palm leaf paper was prepared using 5,8,11 and 14% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with the addition of 5% starch as the binding agent. The incorporation of starch increases the smoothness of the paper. The tear strength of the paper increases with increasing concentration of sodium hydroxide. At higher concentration ofsodium hydroxide, the paper tear index falls within the range of commercial paper tear index. This study proves that the oil palm leaf has the potential to be developed in paper making industry.

KEYWORDS. Agro-based pulp; Oil palm leaf paper; Soda pulping; Binding agent; Surface morphology

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Flory., A. ., Requesens, D. V., Dvaiah, S. P., Teoh, K. T., Mansfield, S. D., & Hood, E. E. (2013). Development of green binder for paper products. BMC Biotechnology, 13(28). Retrieved from http://www.lignocellulose.ir/ojs/index.php/lignocellulose/article/view/66

Hao, E. K. Z. (2017). The Effect of Cooking Time in Paper Made from Oil Palm Leaves. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

Hedjazi, S., Kordsachia, O., Patt, R., Latibari, A. J., & Tschirner, U. (2009). Alkaline sulfite– anthraquinone (AS/AQ) pulping of wheat straw and totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching of pulps. Industrial Crops and Products, 29(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.03.013

Khristova, P., Kordsachia, O., Patt, R., Karar, I., & Khider, T. (2006). Environmentally friendly pulping and bleaching of bagasse. Industrial Crops and Products, 23(2), 131 –139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.05.002

Laftah, W. A., & Abdul Rahaman, W. A. W. (2015). Chemical pulping of waste pineapple leaves fiber for kraft paper production. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 4(3), 254– 261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2014.12.006

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Mohd Kassim, A. S., Aripin, A. M., Ishak, N., Zainulabidin, M. H., & Abang Zaidel, D. N. F. (2016). Oil palm leaf fibre and its suitability for paper-based products. ARPN Journal of
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Rezende, C., de Lima, M., Maziero, P., deAzevedo, E., Garcia, W., & Polikarpov, I. (2011). Chemical and morphological characterization of sugarcane bagasse submitted to a delignification process for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. Biotechnology for Biofuels4(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-54

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99(6), 1743–1749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.050

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Soloi, S., & Hao, E. K. Z. (2019). The Potential of Oil Palm Leaf Fibre in Paper-making Industry The Potential of Oil Palm Leaf Fibre in Paper-making Industry. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1358/1/012005

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FROG SPECIES AT STREAMS, RIDGES AND DISTURBED HABITATS IN BASE CAMP AND PADANG POINT, GAYA ISLAND

Jephte Sompud1*, Emily A. Gilbert1, Chirra Snoriana
Mobik1, and Paul Yambun2

Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia.
E-mail: jephte@ums.edu.my

2Research and Education Division, Zoology Unit, Kinabalu Park, P.O. Box 10626, Kota Kinabalu 88806, Sabah, Malaysia

 

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the species offrogs that can be found at streams, ridges and disturbed habitats of Gaya Island. Field sampling was carried out for 16 nights consecutively starting from 18thJanuary until 3rd February 2013. This research was conducted using the standard method of Visual Encounter Survey. The sampling effort for this study was 53 hours. Six sites representing three different frogs’ habitats were selected, namely streams, ridges and disturbed areas. The transect line with dimensions of 10m x 100m was used for the sampling survey. The results show that there were five species of frogs from two families that were present in Gaya Island. The five species were Inger’s dwarf frog (Ingerana baluensis), Grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis), Mangrove frog (Fejervarya cancrivora), Green paddy frog (Hylarana erythraea) and Dark-eared tree frog (Polypedates macrotis). The highest number of frogs caught was in the stream area, consisting of 69 individuals, followed by 18 individuals at the disturbed area and two individuals at the ridges. This preliminary study indicated that there was a relationship between frog species diversity with the variety of the habitat sites. These findings present a baseline data for the frog species in Gaya Island. Future studies should be encouraged in order to have an in-depth understanding of the frogs’ natural habitats in Gaya Island.

KEYWORDS. Frogs, Gaya Island, North Borneo, Sabah, Species diversity.

 

REFERENCES

  • Arneson, N. 2013. Amphibian community composition and its relationship to salinity along the Salt Creek in Wilderness Park, Lancaster County, Nebraska. Environmental Studies Undergraduate Student Thesis. Paper 114.
  • Gilbert, E.A., Sompud, J. Igau, O.A., Lakim, M., Repin, R., & Biun, A. 2018. A Preliminary Survey on the Effect of Anthropogenic Noise on Bird Community in Gaya Island. Transaction on Science and Technology, 5(1): 31 -39.
  • Gillespie, G. R., Ahmad, E., Elahan, B., Evans, A., Ancrenaz, M., Goossens, B., & Scroggie, M. P. 2012. Conservation of amphibians in Borneo: Relative value of secondary tropical and non – forest habitats. Biological Conservation, 152, pp. 136 – 144.
  • Hazell, D., Hero, J. M., Lindenmayer, D., & Cunningham, R. 2004. A comparison of constructed and natural habitat for frog conservation in an Australian agricultural landscape. Biological Conservation, 119(1), pp. 61-71.
  • Heyer, W. R., Donnelly, M. A., Mcdiarmid, R. W., Hayek, L. C., & Foster, M. S. 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity Standard Methods for Amphibians. Library of Congress Cataloging, United States of America.
  • Hutchens, S., & DePerno, C. 2009. Measuring species diversity to determine land-use effects on reptile and amphibian assemblages. Amphibian-Reptilia, 30(1), pp. 81 – 88.
  • Ibrahim, J. 2005. Kajian dan Pemakanan Berudu beberapa Spesis Katak Hutan di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Laporan Komprehensif Geran USM Jangka Pendek 304/PJJAUH/634167.
  • Imbun, P.Y. 2013. Amfibia Sabah. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Inger, R. F., & Stuebing, R. B. 2005. A Field Guide to the Frogs of Borneo Second Edition. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu. Maklarin,
  • L., Paul. Y.& Satie, A. 1999. A Comparative Study of the Amphibian Population in Reference to Habitat Disturbance across an Elevation Gradient in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal, 2, pp. 27 – 44.
  • Neckel-Oliveira, S. 2007. Effects of forest disturbance on breeding habitat availability for two species of anurans in the Amazon. Copeia, 2007(1): pp. 186-192.
  • Phochayavanich, R., Voris. H. K., Khonsue. W., Thunhikorn. S., & Thirakhupt. K. 2010. Comparison of Stream Frog Assemblages at Three Elevations in an Evergreen Forest, North –Central Thailand. Zoological Studies, 49 (5), pp. 632 – 639.
  • Ramlah, Z. 2016. Assemblages of Frogs Species at Balambangan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 1(1), pp. 59 – 62.
  • Rogowitz, G. L., Cortes-Rivera, M., & Niever–Puigdoller, K. 1999. Water loss, cutaneous resistance, and effects of dehydration on locomotion of Eleutherodactylus frogs. Journal of Comparative Physiology B , 169, pp. 179 – 186.
  • Siti Saryati H. A. M, Farnidah H. J., Nor Bazilah R., Suhair H. A. S. & Nur Izati I. 2016. Non-Flying Small Mammals of Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal , 10, pp. 15-18.
  • Sompud, J., Immit, A.R. & Lakim, M. 2013. The preliminary Survey of Avifauna in Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 65(4), pp. 295-299
  • Sompud, J., Igau, O. A., Mojiol, A.I., Gilbert, E.A., Mobik, C.S., Megat Amir & Mohd HIsyamuddin K. 2016. Impacts of Development on Avifauna at Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal, 10, pp. 9-14.
  • Tracy, C. R., Christian, K. A., Betts, G., & Tracy, C. R. 2008. Body temperature and resistance to evaporative water loss in tropical Australian frogs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 150(2), pp. 102-108.
  • Wong, A. 2004. Impact of Forestry Practices on Frog Communities in Sabah. In Final Report of Biodiversity Impacts of Climatic Change, Fire and Forest Restoration Techniques and The Watershed Roles of Conservation Area In South East Asia. (RE-SEA-001) 2004. Asean Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and the European Commission, pp. 17-30.

 

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GEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF SABAH, MALAYSIA, USING AIRBORNE GRAVITY SURVEY

1Ahmad Fauzi Nordin, 1Hassan Jamil, 1Mohd Noor Isa, 1Azhari Mohamed
2Sanudin Hj. Tahir, 2Baba Musta,
3Rene Forsberg, 3Arne Olesen, 3Emil Nielsen
4Abd Majid A Kadir, 4Ahmad Fahmi Abd Majid
5Kamaludin Talib, 5Saiful Aman Sulaiman
1Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 50578 Kuala Lumpur
2Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400
Kota Kinabalu,Sabah
3National Space Institute, Denmark Technical University, Copenhagen, Denmark
4Info-Geomatik, 81300 Skudai, Johor
5Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

ABSTRACT. Airborne gravimetry is an effective tool for mapping local gravity fields using a combination of airborne sensors, aircraft and positioning systems. It is suitable for gravity surveys over difficult terrains and areas mixed with land and ocean. This paper describes the geological mapping of Sabah using airborne gravity surveys. Airborne gravity data over land areas of Sabah has been combined with the marine airborne gravity data to provide a seamless land-to-sea gravity field coverage in order to produce the geological mapping. Free-air and Bouguer anomaly maps (density 2.67 g/cm3) have been derived from the airborne data both as simple ad-hoc plots (at aircraft altitude), and as final plots from the downward continued airborne data, processed as part of the geoids determination. Data are gridded at 0.025 degree spacing which is about 2.7 km and the data resolution of the filtered airborne gravity data were 5-6 km. The airborne gravity survey database for land and marine areas has been compiled using ArcGIS geodatabase format in order to produce the update geological map of Sabah.

KEYWORDS. Airborne gravimetry, gravity field, ArcGIS, geological mapping,

REFERENCES:

  • Alberts, B.A., Ditmar, P., & Klees, R., 2007. A new methodology to process airborne gravimetry data: advances and problems. In: Tregoning P and Rizos C, (eds.). Proceedings of Dynamic Planet -Monitoring and Understanding a Dynamic Planet with Geodetic and Oceanographic Tools, volume 130 of IAG Symposia, pages 251–258, Cairns, Australia.
  • Anderson, O., 2010. Global Gravity Field Model, Technical University of Denmark. www.space.dtu.dk
  • Dwayne, B., 1986. Gravity Modeling of a Mafic-Ultramafic Association, Darvel Bay, Sabah, Northern Borneo. Department of Geology, Dalhousie University, Honours Bachelor of Science Degree Thesis (Unpublished).
  • DTU, 2014. GRAVSOFT Package, National Space Institute (DTU-Space), Denmark Technical University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Forsberg, R., Olesen, A.V., & Keller, K., 1999. Airborne gravity survey of the North Greenland continental shelf. Technical Report 10, National Survey and Cadastre (KMS), Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Forsberg, R., 2002. Downward continuation of airborne gravity data. The 3rd meeting of the International Gravity and Geoid Commission ’Gravity and Geoid 2002’, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Forsberg, R., 2010. Airborne Gravity Field Determination. Sciences of Geodesy I, Springer.
  • Hofmann, W & Moritz, H., 2006. Physical Geodesy, Springer.
  • Hutchinson, C.S., 1992. The Southeast Sulu Sea, a Neogene marginal basin with outcropping extensions in Sabah, Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bulletin 32, November 1992; pp. 89 -108
  • JUPEM, 2003. Airborne gravity survey and geoid determination project for Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak, Contract JUPEM-T04/2002, Final Report, Seksyen Geodesi, Bahagian Pemetaan.
  • JUPEM, 2014. The Conduct of airborne gravity and magnetic survey over selected area near the international maritime boundary offshore of Sabah and Sarawak, Phase I (2014), Contract JUPEM-T03/2013, Final Report, Bahagian Ukur Geodetik.
  • JUPEM, 2015. The Conduct of airborne gravity and magnetic survey over selected area near the international maritime boundary offshore of Sabah and Sarawak, Phase II (2015), Contract JUPEM-T-24/204, Final Report, Bahagian Ukur Geodetik.
  • Olesen, A.V., 2003. Improved airborne scalar vector gravimetry regional gravity field mapping and geoid determination. Technical report, National Survey and Cadastre (KMS), Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Olesen, A.V. & Forsberg, R., 2007. Airborne scalar gravimetry for regional gravity field mapping and geoid determination. In: Harita Dergisi, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium of the International Gravity Field Service ’Gravity field of the Earth’, pages 277–282, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Sanudin Hj. Tahir & Baba Musta., 2007. Pengenalan kepada Stratigrafi (Introduction to Stratighraphy). Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu.
  • Sanudin, T., Baba Musta, & Ismail, A.R., 2010. Geological heritage features of Tawau volcanic sequence, Sabah. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 56, pp. 79 – 85
  • Yin, E. H., 1985. Geological Map of Sabah, East Malaysia. 3rd Edition, Geological Suryey of Malaysia.

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ATOMISTIC SCALE STUDY OF LOCAL HEATING INTO SILICON:NANOINDENTATION USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION

ABSTRACT.This paper presentsthe atomistic scale study of the effects of local heating during nanoindentation into Silicon (Si). Nanoindentation techniques and experiments with fundamental principles of MD simulations were at first introduced.The indentation processesof indentation depths an order of magnitude much smaller than experimental values and over indentation times several orders of magnitude shorter. The effects of local heating were studied using Force-Depths (F-D) curves and snapshots. The influences of the indentation speeds and temperature on the deformative behaviour of Silicon (Si) were also discussed. The force-depth curves signified the temperature influence on silicon during retraction for thermalized speeds, implying that the topology of the silicon surface did not change after tip retraction. Snapshots of the simulations into Si showed that slower indentation speeds would exhibit a decrease in the number of heated atoms.

KEYWORDS.Nanoindentation, indentation depths, indentation speeds, thermalized,simulations.

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Volume 25

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HYDRATION PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT-BONDED WOOD COMPOSITES

GROWTH OF Typha angustifolia AND MEDIA BIOFILM FORMATION IN

LITHOLOGICAL UNIT THICKNESS APPROACH FOR DETERMINING INTACT

SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ENHANCED IN SITU MONITORING OF IONIZING

FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND FROM SOMPOTON

METAL-PROMOTER MoVTeNb OXIDE CATALYSTS FOR SELECTIVE OXIDATIONSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVE PHASE

PEMISAHAN DAN PENCIRIAN SEBATIAN SEMULA JADI DARIPADA KAYU

EARLY PERFORMANCE TRIAL OF FOUR MALAYSIAN COMMERCIAL

Volume 24

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APPLYING MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM IN A CONTEXTAWARE SMART HOME
FACILITATING DECISION-MAKING PROCESS USING A HIERARCHICAL MULTI-ATTRIBUTE MODEL (HMAM) IN MODELING RELATIONAL DATA
CHARACTERISATION OF COMPENSATORY ROLES OF -MANNOSIDASE IIAND -MANNOSIDASE IIX IN N-GLYCANS PROCESSING
IDENTIFICATION OFAIPAS A GSK-3 BINDING PROTEIN
GENERATING ELECTRICITY USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
ACID MINE DRAINAGES AT MAMUT COPPER MINE, SABAH, MALAYSIA
DEGRADATION PATHWAY OF PHENOLTHROUGH ortho CLEAVAGE BY Candida tropicalis RETL-Cr1
PRIMARY SCREENING FOR NATURAL INHIBITORS AGAINST EUKARYOTIC SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA
MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BUDU , AN INDIGENOUS MALAYSIAN FISH SAUCE
COMPARISON OF THREE COLOUR SPACES IN SKIN DETECTION

Volume 22

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Modelling A Rota-Dynamic Lubricant Test System for Determining Engine Service-Life Performance
Plastic Deformation of Circular Metallic Thin Wall Tubes
Degradation of 3-chloropionate (3CP) by Rhodococus sp. Strain HJ1 isolated from UTM
Interaction Of Temperature Time And Humidity on the Generation Of Wheat Bread Flavour
Separation Of Peptides Using Capillary Electrophoresis Comparison Between Simulation And
Solving Variable Coefficient Fourth-Order Parabolic Equation By Modified Adomian Decomposition
Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Anurans Meat

Volume 21

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BIODIVERSITY OF DINOFLAGELLATES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OFF MALACCA, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
CARBON MONOXIDE ‘ HOT-SPOTS’ IN URBAN AREA OF KOTA KINABALU CITY, SABAH
COMPARISON OF THE TEOM  AND NEPHELOMETRY FOR MONITORING HAZE PARTICLES
MRI AND BULK NMR T 2 MEASUREMENT OF POTATOES HEATED BY MICROWAVE
PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF SQUARE METALLIC THIN WALL TUBES
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) VERSUS CONTENT-BASED LEARNING (CBL) IN THE WEB-BASED ENVIRONMENTAN ANALYSIS OF MALAY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN THE LEARNING PROCESS
RANKING METHOD USING MULTIPLE WEIGHTED SCORE ANALYSIS
STATUS OF CORAL REEFS AND SEDIMENTATION AT KOTA KINABALU A PRELIMINARY STUDY AT GAYA BAY AND SEPANGAR BAY

Volume 20

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A NEW NUMERICAL ALGORITHM FOR ANTENNA ANALYSIS

ATOMISTIC SCALE STUDY OF LOCAL HEATING IN MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS DURING NANOINDENTATION INTO SILVER SUBSTRATE

IDENTIFICATION OF A Methylobacterium sp. STRAIN HN2006B BY 16S rRNA GENE ANALYSIS WITH THE ABILITY TO DEGRADE THE HERBICIDE DALAPON

KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT DI DALAM SAMPEL IKAN TANAH BENCAH SISTEM MULTISEL, PUTRAJAYA.

PROPERTIES OF BENT RUBBERWOOD IN DIFFERENT STORING CONDITIONS

STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR A 3DOF ROBOT LOWER-ARM VIA COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING

TABURAN LOGAM BERAT (Cd DAN Pb) Dalam SEDIMEN TELUK MENGKABONG, SABAH

Waste Audit and Awareness Level on Recycling Program A Case Study in Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Volume 19

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PENGAMBILAN Cd, Co, Pb, Ni dan Zn OLEH Melastoma malabathricum DARIPADA TANAH BEKAS LOMBONG DI LOMBONG PELEPAH KANAN, KOTA TINGGI, JOHOR

ANGGARAN NOMBOR BUKAN NISBAH DALAM BENTUK NOMBOR NISBAH

BEACH PROFILE CHANGES DUE TO NON-BREAKING WAVE MOTION OVER A GENTLE SLOPE

CAMALEXIN ACCUMULATION IN Arabidopsis thaliana LEAVES CHALLENGED BY Botrytis cinerea

Computational meshing techniques for generating crack-tip zone stress analysis

ANALYSIS OF INTROGRESSION FROM A TETRAPLOID WILD SPECIES ( Oryza minuta) INTO CULTIVATED RICE ( O. sativa)

TENSILE PROPERTY OF HAND LAY-UP PLAIN-WEAVE WOVEN E-GLASSPOLYESTER COMPOSITE

Volume 18

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STUDY OF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TRANSVERSE ARC ARRAY DISCHAGE IN GASES

EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY OF 3,4,5-TRICHLOROCATECHOL ON STREPTOMYCES ALBUS AND ITS BIODEGRADATION

LEVEL OF HANDLING COMPUTER AMONGST MALAYS AND CHINESE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA OF SABAH

VARIATION IN THE DECAY RESISTANCE BETWEEN SAPWOOD AND HEARTWOOD OF Parashorea malaanonan

ENHANCED CHEMILUMINESCENT TECHNIQUE AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR AIRBORNE HEAVY METALS

AN OPTIMAL ORDERING STRATEGY OF THE POINTS ITERATIVEALGORITHM FOR SOLVING 2D CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEM

BENDING AND COMPRESSION STRENGTHS OF PRESERVATIVES TREATED BAMBOO Gigantochloa scortechinii GAMBLE

Numerical Simulation of Tidal Flooding over Mangrove Swamps

Volume 17

Synthesis And Characterization Of Triphenylene-Based Discotic Liquid Crystalline Monomers Containing Azobenzene Moieties

Applications Of Point Location Algorithm To Generation Of Colour Contours

Propagati Mode Of Cold Evaporated Zinc Sulfide Planar Waveguides

Model Ramalan Bilangan Ketibaan Pelancong Taiwan Ke Sabah

Aplikasi Kaedah Analisis Nitrat Dalam Air Permukaan

Selection And Some Characteristics Of Amberlitec Xad-7-Adsorbed Lipase From Psedomonas sp. Ak For Organic Catalysis

Volume 15

Molecular Identification Of candida tropicalis Retl-Cr1 By Pcr Amplification Of Ribosomal Dna

Lower Concentration Of Methyl Oleate Improved The Efficacy Of Glyphoate Application

Orientation Model For Straight Arc Welding-Path Planning

A review on holomorphic functions of bounded mean oscillation

An Investigation Of Heavy Metals Retention In Lime Stabilised Soil

Estimation Of Evaporation And Evapotranspiration In Malaysia Using Penman And Christiansen Methods

Effect Of Geology On Mass Movement In Bundu Tuhan Area Sabah

Preservatives Penetration And Net Dry Salt Retention Of Treated 2 And 4 Year-Old Bamboo

Volume 14

In-ground perfomance of ammoniacal copper quaternary and copper chrome arsenate treated bamboo

Goniothalamin-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cell line, caov-3 through the regulation of bcl-2 and bax

Genetic erosion due to founder effect in hatchery stock of red tilapia in Sabah

Structural electrical properties of high cencentration in doped

Seasonal fluctuations in carrageenan yield in eucheuma spinosum cultural in coastal areas of Pulau Balambangan, Kudat, Sabah

Kaedah lelaran kumpulan tak tersirat ke atas kaedah unsur terhingga segi empat bagi persamaan poisson dua matra

Volume 13

An analysis for the error of a eulers’s formula in the inner boundary-layer from an unsteady free convencive from a circular cylinder

Liquid-liquid mass transfer coefficients in a karr extraction column

Analisis pengoptimuman sarian air bawah tanah akuifer berpasir di pulau

Ecological impact prediction and determination of significance in preliminary eia for coastal resort development projects in Malaysia

Kajian sifat arus dan voltan ke atas diod filem nipis campuran asid asetik 2 – tiofena dengan pirola

Photocatalyptic degradation of sumifix supra blue brf

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from oil palm shells using co2,co3, po4,k3 and koh

Volume 12

Geokimia bagi beberapa logam berat di dalam sedimen teras hutan paya bakau Sungai Bebar, Pahang, Malaysia

Edax Microanalysis Of Sn Doped In Ca Site

Properties of boards from 3-layers laminated and composite-ply from tropical bamboo

Liquid Phase Adsorption Isotherm Of Nonyl Phenol On Activated Carbon

Production And Neutralisation Of Atmospheric Acidity During Biomass Burning

Effects Of Ionic And Non-Ionic Surfactants On Papain Activity

Lipstick Formulation- Effect Of Composition Variation On Physical Properties And Consumer Acceptance

Volume 10

Mode-I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Of Undirectional Carbon Fibre Epoxy Composite

Melamine-Urea_Formaldehyde Resin

Kaedah Lelaran Sapuan Penuh Kumpulan Tak Tersirat Menggunakan Persamaan Unsur Terhingga Segi Tiga Bagi Menyelesaikan Persamaan Poisson Dua Matra

The Availability Of Metroxylon Sago Rottb and Their Industrial Status In Sabah

Comparison Between Direct Sampling And Importance Sampling Method For The Aloha Model

A Note On The Dynamics In A Billiard System