TREE HEALTH ASSESSMENT FOR ROADSIDE TREE IN KOTA KINABALU CITY CENTRE, SABAH

Andy R. Mojiol

Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia.
(andy@ums.edu.my)

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to assess the health of main tree in the Kota Kinabalu City Centre, Sabah. In this study, principal evaluation standards were made by using visual observation of trees or Visual Tree Assessment (VTA). This study was conducted to identify any effect of damage or defect on trees via the observation of trees at their roots, stems, branches and leaves. There were five zones in the study area, namely from KK Lama and Jesselton Point (Zone 1) to Pasar Besar. The tree health parameters were evaluated from the presence of pests and diseases, trees health, foliage colour, the growth rate of trees, infections of the trees and potential failure of tree roots. In this study, nine of pathogens, pests and diseases of trees were observed, which were termites, fungi, aphid, mushrooms, epiphytes, parasites, ants, weeds and Whiteflies. This study showed that there were 23 species from the 688 stand of trees in the study area. The study found that the state average foliage colour was normal, a moderate growth rate and infection of the tree was still under controlled. The potential failure of tree root was found in low level as well. In a nutshell, the overall health of trees was found to be in good and moderate levels. This study was conducted as a reference in health detection of tree for The City Hall management (DBKK) and also as a reference for University students in conducting tree health assessment.

KEYWORDS. Tree health assessment, roadside tree, Kota Kinabalu City Centre, Sabah

REFERENCES

  • Ebbels, D. L. (2003). Principles of Plant Health and Quarantine. CABI Publishing. Oxon. United Kingdom.
  • Gilman, E.F. (1997). Trees for Urban and Suburban Landscapes. Delmer Publisher, United State of America.
  • Lonsdale, D. (1999). Principle of Tree Hazard and Management. Forest Commission, Great Britain.
  • Mojiol, A. R. (2018). Public Awareness on the Importance of Urban Forest Parks in Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah. Borneo Science 39 (1): March 2018.
  • Mojiol, A. R. (2001). Pokok-Pokok Hiasan Bandar. Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
  • Mojiol, A. R. and Maznah. M. (2000). Penyelenggaraan Pokok-Pokok Bandar. Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
  • Robert, W. M. (1996). Urban Forestry: Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces. 2nd Edition. United State of America. Stuckey,
  • H. P. (2009). New Delhi. Management of Horticulture. Biotech Books. Tri Nagar. Delhi.

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PERANTI PENGIRAAN RASTER DALAM MERAMALKAN POTENSI TANAH RUNTUH: KAJIAN KES JALAN TAMBUNAN-RANAU, SABAH, MALAYSIA

Woon Zhan Wen dan Mustapa Abd. Talip

Program Geografi, Fakulti Kemanusiaan, Kesusasteraan dan Warisan,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
e-mel: zhanwenwoon@yahoo.com

ABSTRAK Peranti pengiraan rasteradalah satu utiliti yang sangat berguna untuk melaksanakan pelbagai tugas yang berkaitan dengan grid.Tanah runtuh adalah pergerakan jisim batuan, tanah atau debris yang menuruni cerun di bawah pengaruh graviti. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti di mana kawasan potensi berlaku tanah runtuh dengan menggunakanperanti pengiraan raster.Kajian ini telah menggunakandua parameter yang diutamakan iaitu kecerunan dan ketinggian. Berpandukan garis panduan Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan, kawasan ketinggian yang melebihi 1,000 meter dari aras laut, dan nilai kecerunan yang melebihi 35 sudut adalah dikira sebagai kawasan larangan untuk aktiviti manusia. Oleh itu, dengan menggunakan peta topografi yang telah didigitalkan (georeference)dengan menggunakan perisian ArcGIS telah membahagikan seluruh jalan kepada enam zon, dan setiap zon mempunyai 10 kilometerserta menggunakanperanti pengiraan rasteruntukmenghasilkan kawasan potensi berlakunya tanah runtuh. Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa kawasan yang berpotensi berlaku tanah runtuh adalah di kawasan Zon 4 iaitu sebanyak 0.086 peratus (0.811 km 2) yang berada di sekitar Kampung Madsangoh dan Kampung Tenompok. Dapatan kajian berdasarkan perisianArcGIS telah menyediakan data yang dalam bentuk pengiraanraster,sekaligus menghasilkan peta potensi tanah runtuh mengikut kawasan yang telah dizonkan.Hasil daripada peta terbitan (georeferenced) ini juga mampu dijadikan sumber rujukan baharu kepada pelbagai agensi dan jabatan tempatansebagai sumber rujukan serta sebagai kajian lanjutan pada masa akan datang.

KATA KUNCI Tanah Runtuh, GIS,Peranti Pengiraan Raster.

RUJUKAN

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VOLUME 39, Issue 1

CONTENT
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

KARYOTYPES OF FRUIT BATS (CHIROPTERA, PTEROPODIDAE) AND RATS (RODENTIA, MURIDAE) FROM Mt. BAWAKARAENG, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Husni Mubarok, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah and Ibnu Maryanto

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL INDICES ASSESSMENT IN THE SERUM AND LIVER OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS JUVENILES EXPOSED TO VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION OF CRUDE OIL
Olumide Isaac Fakolujo1, Henry Adefisayo Adewole2Efere Martins Obuotor3, and Victor Folorunsho Olaleye2*

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF POLYPHENOL OF Moringa oleifera LEAVES AND POLYPHENOL GLYCOSIDE CATALYZED BY TRANSGLYCOSYLATION OF Trichoderma viride
Joko Sulistyo*and Sohaib Nazir

PUBLIC AWARENESS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN FOREST PARKS IN KOTA KINABALU CITY, SABAH
Andy R. Mojiol

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FROG SPECIES AT STREAMS, RIDGES AND DISTURBED HABITATS IN BASE CAMP AND PADANG POINT, GAYA ISLAND
Jephte Sompud1*, Emily A. Gilbert1, Chirra Snoriana Mobik1, and Paul Yambun

 

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FROG SPECIES AT STREAMS, RIDGES AND DISTURBED HABITATS IN BASE CAMP AND PADANG POINT, GAYA ISLAND

Jephte Sompud1*, Emily A. Gilbert1, Chirra Snoriana
Mobik1, and Paul Yambun2

Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia.
E-mail: jephte@ums.edu.my

2Research and Education Division, Zoology Unit, Kinabalu Park, P.O. Box 10626, Kota Kinabalu 88806, Sabah, Malaysia

 

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the species offrogs that can be found at streams, ridges and disturbed habitats of Gaya Island. Field sampling was carried out for 16 nights consecutively starting from 18thJanuary until 3rd February 2013. This research was conducted using the standard method of Visual Encounter Survey. The sampling effort for this study was 53 hours. Six sites representing three different frogs’ habitats were selected, namely streams, ridges and disturbed areas. The transect line with dimensions of 10m x 100m was used for the sampling survey. The results show that there were five species of frogs from two families that were present in Gaya Island. The five species were Inger’s dwarf frog (Ingerana baluensis), Grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis), Mangrove frog (Fejervarya cancrivora), Green paddy frog (Hylarana erythraea) and Dark-eared tree frog (Polypedates macrotis). The highest number of frogs caught was in the stream area, consisting of 69 individuals, followed by 18 individuals at the disturbed area and two individuals at the ridges. This preliminary study indicated that there was a relationship between frog species diversity with the variety of the habitat sites. These findings present a baseline data for the frog species in Gaya Island. Future studies should be encouraged in order to have an in-depth understanding of the frogs’ natural habitats in Gaya Island.

KEYWORDS. Frogs, Gaya Island, North Borneo, Sabah, Species diversity.

 

REFERENCES

  • Arneson, N. 2013. Amphibian community composition and its relationship to salinity along the Salt Creek in Wilderness Park, Lancaster County, Nebraska. Environmental Studies Undergraduate Student Thesis. Paper 114.
  • Gilbert, E.A., Sompud, J. Igau, O.A., Lakim, M., Repin, R., & Biun, A. 2018. A Preliminary Survey on the Effect of Anthropogenic Noise on Bird Community in Gaya Island. Transaction on Science and Technology, 5(1): 31 -39.
  • Gillespie, G. R., Ahmad, E., Elahan, B., Evans, A., Ancrenaz, M., Goossens, B., & Scroggie, M. P. 2012. Conservation of amphibians in Borneo: Relative value of secondary tropical and non – forest habitats. Biological Conservation, 152, pp. 136 – 144.
  • Hazell, D., Hero, J. M., Lindenmayer, D., & Cunningham, R. 2004. A comparison of constructed and natural habitat for frog conservation in an Australian agricultural landscape. Biological Conservation, 119(1), pp. 61-71.
  • Heyer, W. R., Donnelly, M. A., Mcdiarmid, R. W., Hayek, L. C., & Foster, M. S. 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity Standard Methods for Amphibians. Library of Congress Cataloging, United States of America.
  • Hutchens, S., & DePerno, C. 2009. Measuring species diversity to determine land-use effects on reptile and amphibian assemblages. Amphibian-Reptilia, 30(1), pp. 81 – 88.
  • Ibrahim, J. 2005. Kajian dan Pemakanan Berudu beberapa Spesis Katak Hutan di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Laporan Komprehensif Geran USM Jangka Pendek 304/PJJAUH/634167.
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  • Inger, R. F., & Stuebing, R. B. 2005. A Field Guide to the Frogs of Borneo Second Edition. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu. Maklarin,
  • L., Paul. Y.& Satie, A. 1999. A Comparative Study of the Amphibian Population in Reference to Habitat Disturbance across an Elevation Gradient in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal, 2, pp. 27 – 44.
  • Neckel-Oliveira, S. 2007. Effects of forest disturbance on breeding habitat availability for two species of anurans in the Amazon. Copeia, 2007(1): pp. 186-192.
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  • Ramlah, Z. 2016. Assemblages of Frogs Species at Balambangan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 1(1), pp. 59 – 62.
  • Rogowitz, G. L., Cortes-Rivera, M., & Niever–Puigdoller, K. 1999. Water loss, cutaneous resistance, and effects of dehydration on locomotion of Eleutherodactylus frogs. Journal of Comparative Physiology B , 169, pp. 179 – 186.
  • Siti Saryati H. A. M, Farnidah H. J., Nor Bazilah R., Suhair H. A. S. & Nur Izati I. 2016. Non-Flying Small Mammals of Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal , 10, pp. 15-18.
  • Sompud, J., Immit, A.R. & Lakim, M. 2013. The preliminary Survey of Avifauna in Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 65(4), pp. 295-299
  • Sompud, J., Igau, O. A., Mojiol, A.I., Gilbert, E.A., Mobik, C.S., Megat Amir & Mohd HIsyamuddin K. 2016. Impacts of Development on Avifauna at Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal, 10, pp. 9-14.
  • Tracy, C. R., Christian, K. A., Betts, G., & Tracy, C. R. 2008. Body temperature and resistance to evaporative water loss in tropical Australian frogs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 150(2), pp. 102-108.
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PUBLIC AWARENESS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN FOREST PARKS IN KOTA KINABALU CITY, SABAH

Andy R. Mojiol
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia.

Email : andy@ums.edu.my

 

ABSTRACT Kota Kinabalu City has several urban parks, which has become the centre of urban green space. However the function of the urban park is still not fully recognized. In addition, the enlightenment concept of urban forestry is still unclear in view of the public. This study aims to provide an assessment of the functions of each park in the city of Kota Kinabalu via public perception. Furthermore, it also aims to identify on public awareness about urban forestry concept. There are eight parks that were selected as the location of the study. The Parks comprise ofpublic and pocket parks that are maintained solely by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall. The sampling method used in this study is convenience sampling with questionnaires involving 160 respondents, of whom the target group are the park visitors. The results of the study show a total of 153 (95.6%) respondents agreed that each park has distinct and separated functions. It also shows that urban parks such as Prince Philip Public Park, Teluk Likas Park, Tun Fuad Stephen Public Park, and Ujana Rimba Public Park have recreation as the main function, meanwhile Tugu Petagas Public Park, Kampung Air Pocket Park, and Lintasan Deasoka Pocket Park have aesthetic as the main function, whilst the Signal Hill Park is found to serve as soil erosion control. In addition, a total of 123 (76.9%) of respondents understood the concept of urban forestry as planning and management of trees in urban area. As a conclusion, recreation and aesthetic are the main functions for all of the selected urban parks in the city of Kota Kinabalu city. Besides that, it is found that most of the public are aware of the existence ofurban forest concept in the city of Kota Kinabalu.

KEYWORDS. Public awareness, urban forest park, urban forest, and Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

 

REFERENCES

  • Adi Rahman (2002). Kesedaran Penduduk Kota Kinabalu Terhadap Konsep Bandaraya Taman Tropika. Tidak diterbitkan. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
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  • Miller R. W. (2007). Urban Forestry: Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey USA.
  • Mojiol, A.R., & Maznah Mahali.(2000). Penyelenggaraan Pokok-pokok Bandar. Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu.
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  • Vince, S.W., Duryea, M.L., Macie,E.A., & Hermansen,L.A. (2005). Forest at The Wildland-Urban Interface: Conservation and Management. CRC Press LLC, United State of America.

 

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ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF POLYPHENOL OF Moringa oleifera LEAVES AND POLYPHENOL GLYCOSIDE CATALYZED BY TRANSGLYCOSYLATION OF Trichoderma viride

Joko Sulistyo*and Sohaib Nazir
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Corresponding author; Tel.; +6088-320000; Fax : +6088320259 E-mail; jokosulistyo@ums.edu.my

ABSTRACT. Purpose of this study was to synthesize polyphenol glycoside as transfer products that may have some biological activities, by application of transglycosylation reaction in the present of polyphenolic compound which was extracted from Moringa oleifera leaves as its acceptor and different flours as its substrate for the transglycosylation. The reaction was catalyzed by glucosyltransferase derived from fungal culture of Trichoderma viridae as a source of crude enzyme. The formation of transfer products was determined using TLC and HPLC which exhibited that polyphenol glycoside could be synthesized through the enzymatic reaction. The study had shown that substrates such as starch, maltodexrin, corn flour, wheat flour, rice flour and cassava flour were also as potential substrates to synthesis the polyphenol glycoside in the presence of polyphenolic extract as acceptor. The result of HPLC analysis presented that the isolated glycosides had retention times and concentration of 1.446 (0.0017 mg/ml), 1.431 (0.14mg/ml), and 1.474 (0.012mg/ml), respectively, as compared to the retention time of arbutin (1.474) that was applied as authentic standard. Observation using 1H NMR as well as 13C NMR showed that structures of the transfer products were identified as gallic acid- 4-O-β-glucopyranoside, ellagic acid-4-O-β-glucopyranoside, and catechin-4’-O-gluco pyranoside, respectively. IC50 value of EAGP for DPPH was 46.12µg/ml as compared to ascorbic acid (35.96µg/ml), BHT (39.73µg/ml) and α-tocopherol (42.62µg/ml) respectively, while IC50 value ofEAGP for ABTS was 64.01µg/ml as compared to ascorbic acid (30.13µg/ml), BHT (38.09µg/ml) and α-tocopherol (54.84µg/ml) respectively, whilst IC50 value of EAGP for H2O2 was found to be 51.90µg/ml while for BHT, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol were 44.18µg/ml, 47.18µg/ml, and 49.57µg/ml, respectively.

 

KEYWORDS. Trichoderma viridae, transglycosylation, Moringa oleifera, polyphenol

 

 

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  • Alhakmani, F., Kumar, S. and Khan, S.A. (2013). Estimation of total phenolic content, in– vitro antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3: 623–627.
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL INDICES ASSESSMENT IN THE SERUM AND LIVER OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS JUVENILES EXPOSED TO VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION OF CRUDE OIL

Olumide Isaac Fakolujo1, Henry Adefisayo Adewole2Efere Martins Obuotor3, and Victor Folorunsho Olaleye2*
1Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: volaleye@oauife.edu.ng; +234-803-404-5185

 

ABSTRACT. The effect of varying concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.05 and 1.0% v/v) of water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil on the growth performance and biochemical changes in the serum and liver of 144 Clarias gariepinus Juveniles stocked into 12 glass aquaria at the rate of 12 fish per tank in triplicate for 90 days was assessed. The growth performance indices of the fish juvenile over the 90 days of toxic exposure revealed that the mean weight gained, specific growth rate, and total feed intake of the fish specimen decreases with increase concentration of the WSF of crude oil. However, 10% and 20% mortality were recorded in the fish exposed to 0.5% and 1.0% WSF of crude oil respectively. The activity of ALT and AST in the serum of the fish were significantly higher (p<0.05) with the increased concentration of WSF of crude oil while the ALT and AST activity of the liver of the fish juveniles irrespective of the added concentration of WSF of crude oil showed no significant differences (p>0.05). The study concluded that WSF of crude oil had adverse effects on the growth performance, blood serum and liver activities in C. gariepinus juveniles.


KEYWORDS
. Crude oil, Growth performance, Serum, Enzymes, Fish, Pollution

 

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KARYOTYPES OF FRUIT BATS (CHIROPTERA, PTEROPODIDAE) AND RATS (RODENTIA, MURIDAE) FROM Mt. BAWAKARAENG, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Husni Mubarok, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah and Ibnu Maryanto
1Bogor Agricultural University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, W1L5, Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia
2Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, J1. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia Corresponding author; Dyah Perwistasari-Farajallah, Cell; +62 89638616507,

Email; navy.rock@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. This study aims to analyze karyotypes of Sulawesi’s small mammals with Giemsa banding technique. Five fruit bats species (Boneia bidens, Dobsonia viridis, Styloctenium wallacei, Thoopterus nigrescens, Thoopterus suhaniahae) and eight rat species (Bunomys andrewsi, Bunomys chrysocomus, Bunomys heinrichi, Paruromys sp., Rattus dommermani, Rattus exulans, Rattus hoffmanni, Taeromys celebensis) from Mt. Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi were analyzed. Karyotypes of three species in this study were described for the first time. There were two species of bats and one species of rats showed the best of karyotypes. B. bidens has 2n = 30, FN = 53, FNa = 50, sub metacentric and telocentric for X and Y chromosomes respectively. T. suhaniahae has 2n = 38, FN = 64, FNa = 60 and metacentric X chromosomes. R. hoffmanni has 2n = 44, FN = 61, FNa = 59 and telosentric X chromosomes.

KEYWORD. Karyotypes, 2n, FN, Metacentric, Telocentric

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Volume 38, Issue 2

CONTENT
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

A Short Review of Isoindigo Acceptor for Conjugated Polymeric Photovoltaics
Shu Er Tan, Wahidah Zabidi and Mohd Sani Sarjadi*

Characterization of Different Metal Oxide Promoted Alumina Catalyst
- S. M . Anisuzzaman, Awang Bono, Duduku Krishnaiah, F .A . Lahin, and C. Ramlan

Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subrings
Mikhled, Okleh Alsarahead, Abd Ghafur, and Ahmad

On the General Solution of 2th Order Linear Differential Equation
J. López-Bonilla,G. Posadas-Durán, and O. Salas-Torres.

On the Roots of the Legendre Laguerre, and Hermite Polynomials
S. Álvarez-Ballesteros, J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez

Relationship between Water Quality & Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Abundance in Tambunan District, Sabah.
Nur Ashiqin Abdul Hamid, Maria Lourdes T. Lardizabal, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Estherpeni Stephen and Maznah Mahali

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A SHORT REVIEW OF ISOINDIGO ACCEPTOR FOR CONJUGATED POLYMERIC PHOTOVOLTAICS

Shu Er Tan, Wahidah Zabidi and Mohd Sani Sarjadi*
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: msani@ums.edu.my

ABSTRACT. This paper focussed on the recent development of conjugated polymers that contains isoindigo as acceptor moiety in the application of copolymeric solar cell. In the past decade, various modifications have been done either on the isoindigo acceptor itself or incorporated the isoindigo with different donor moieties. Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of this isoindigo-based polymeric photovoltaics have achieved up to ~7%. Hence, it is a promising acceptor for the photovoltaics and is expected to break through the recent PCE achievement in the future. This review briefly summarized the structures and properties of the isoindigo-based polymers that have been investigated by the past researches.

KEYWORD. Isoindigo; Conjugated copolymers; Polymeric solar cells; Small molecules.

 

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Characterization of Different Metal Oxide Promoted Alumina Catalyst

S.M. Anisuzzamana,b,*, Awang Bonob, Duduku Krishnaiahb, F. A. LahinbC. Ramlanb
aEnergy Research Unit (ERU),
bChemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA.
*Correspondence author. Tel: +6088-320000 ext. 3222, Fax: +6088-320348, E-mail address: anis_zaman@ums.edu.my; dr.anis.ums@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. In this study, different metal oxide alumina promoted catalysts were prepared and characterized. All the catalysts (CaO/Al2O3, CuO/Al2O3, FeO/Al2O3MnO/Al2O3, NiO/Al2O3 and ZnO/Al2O3) were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation method followed by drying and calcination. The characterization of all six samples of catalysts was done to determine the surface morphology, porosity, functional group, thermal stability, metal content and particle size distribution. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of samples showed that there were pores on the surface of the alumina. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) showed that copper oxide alumina promoted (CuO/Al2O3) had the high porosity which is 36.77 m2/g followed by zinc oxide (ZnO/Al2O3), calcium oxide (CaO/Al2O3) nickel oxide (NiO/Al2O3) manganese oxide (MnO/Al2O3) and ferric oxide alumina promoted (FeO/Al2O3) catalysts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of by-product existed in all catalysts. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis showed the presence of Cu, Fe and Zn in the CuO/Al2O3, FeO/Al2O3 and ZnO/Al2O3, while Ca was absent in CaO/Al2O3Besides, through thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), all the catalysts showed a slight decrease in weight which can be considered as a stable catalyst. The particle size distribution analysis using the Zetasizer showed the particle size mean based on the intensity of CaO/Al2O3, CuO/Al2O3, FeO/Al2O3MnO/Al2O3, NiO/Al2O3 and ZnO/Al2O3 were 2305 nm, 5560 nm, 5560 nm, 1281 nm, 1281 nm and 3580 nm, respectively.

KEYWORDS. Biofuel, metal oxide promoted alumina catalyst, wet incipient impregnation method

 

REFERENCES:

  • Aliyu, A. S., Ramli, A. T.,Saleh, M. A. 2014. Environmental impact assessment of a new nuclear power plant (NPP) based on atmospheric dispersion modeling. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 28 (7): 1897-1911.
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  • Bridgwater, A.V. 2012. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass and Bioenergy 38: 68-94.
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  • Hagen, J. 2006. Industrial catalysis: A practical approach. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. , 1-14.
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  • Huang, H., Young, N., Williams, B.P. , Taylor, S.H., Hutchings, G. 2005. COS hydrolysis using zinc-promoted alumina catalysts. Catalysis Letters 104(1): 17-21.Kiss, E., Ratkovic, S., Vujicic, D., Boskovic, G. 2012. Accelerated polymorphous transformations of alumina induced by copper ions impede spinal formation. Indian Journal of Chemistry 51(A): 1669-1676.
  • Li, G. 2005. FT-IR studies of zeolite materials: characterization and environmental applications. The University of Iowa’s Institutional Repository, Ph.D thesis.
  • McKendry, P. 2002. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresource Technology 83: 37-46
  • Nascimento, J. C., Sousa, J. F., Rojas, L.O. A., Fontes, F.A.O. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of CuCl2 /SiO2 catalyst for the oxychlorination of methane. Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas 5(2): 55-63.
  • Ookawa. M. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of Fe-Imogolite as an oxidation catalyst. InTech, 239-258.
  • Pua, F., Fang, Z. Zakaria, S. Z., Guo, F. Chin-Hua, C. 2011. Direct production of biodiesel from high-acid value Jatropha oil with solid acid catalyst derived from lignin. Biotechnology for Biofuels 4: 56.
  • Rosal, R., Gonzalo, M.S., Rodríguez, A., García-Calvo E. 2010. Catalytic ozonation of fenofibric acid over alumina-supported manganese oxide. Journal of Hazardous Materials 183(1-3), 271–278.
  • Zabeti , M., Daud , W.M.A.W., Aroua M.K. 2010. Biodiesel production using aluminasupported calcium oxide: an optimization study. Fuel Processing Technology 91(2) 243–248.
  • Zabeti , M., Daud , W.M.A.W., Aroua M.K. 2009. Optimization of the activity of cao/al2o3 catalyst for biodiesel production using response surface methodology. Applied Catalysis A: General 366 (1) 154-159.

 

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Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subrings

Mikhled1* Okleh Alsarahead, Abd Ghafur1 Ahmad
1School of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author’s email: mekhledsarheed@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we defined the complex intuitionistic fuzzy subring and introduced some new concepts like Intuitionistic fuzzy sets and homogeneous complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Then, we investigated some of characteristics of complex intuitionistic fuzzy subring. The relationship between complex intuitionistic fuzzy subring and intuitionistic fuzzy subring is also investigated. It is found that every complex intuitionistic fuzzy subring yields two intuitionistic fuzzy subring. Finaly, we defined the image and inverse image of complex intuitionistic fuzzy subring under ring homomorphism, and thus studied their elementary properties.

KEYWORDS. Intuitionistic fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy subring, homogeneous complex intuitionistic fuzzy set, complex intuitionistic fuzzy subring.

 

REFERENCES:

  • Alkouri, A. & Salleh A. 2012. Complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Sciences (ICFAS ’12), vol. 1482 of AIP Confere Proceedings, (2012) 464-470.
  • Alsarahead, M. & Ahmad, A. 2017a. Complex Fuzzy Subgroups, Applied Mathematical Sciences, 11 (41):2011-2021.
  • Alsarahead, M. & Ahmad, A. 2017b. Complex Fuzzy Subrings, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, accepted for publication.
  • Alsarahead, M. & Ahmad, A. 2017c. Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subgroups, submitted to Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. Atanassov, K.T. 1986. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20 (1): 87-96.
  • Hur, K. Kang, H.W. & Song, H.K. 2003. Intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups and subrings, Honam Mathematical Journal, 25 (2): 19-41.
  • Ramot, D. Milo, R. Friedman, M. & Kandel, A. 2002. Complex fuzzy sets, IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy Systems, 10 (2):171-186.
  • Banerjee, B. & Basnet, D.K. 2003. Intuitionistic fuzzy subrings and ideals, The Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics, 11 :139-155.
  • Zadeh, L.A. 1965. Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, 8 :338-353.

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On the General Solution of 2th Order Linear Differential Equation

J. López-Bonilla, G. Posadas-Durán, O. Salas-Torres
ESIME-Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Edif. 4, 1er. Piso, Col. Lindavista CP 07738, CDMX, México.
Email: lopezb@ipn.mx

ABSTRACT. We employ a method of factorization to obtain the general solution of the second order linear differential equation, which is an alternative procedure to the usual Variation of Parameters method of Lagrange. We consider that our approach can be adapted to linear differential equations of the third and fourth order.

KEYWORDS. Linear differential equation of second order, Variation of parameters, Factorization method.

REFERENCES:

  • A. Hernández-Galeana, J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez, On the second order linear differential equation, Pure and Appl. Maths. Lett. 2 (2014) 31-34.
  • G. Bahadur Thapa, A. Domínguez-Pacheco, J. López-Bonilla, On the linear differential equation of second order, Prespacetime Journal 6, No. 10 (2015) 999-1001.
  • G. Krishna Srinivasan, A note on Lagrange’s method of variation of parameters, Missouri J. Math. Sci.19 (2007) 11-14.
    J. H. Caltenco, J. López-Bonilla, J. Morales, G. Ovando, On an iterative method to solve 2th order homogeneous linear differential equations, Inform. Sci. Comput. No. 1 (2014) 1-8.
  • A. Hernández-Galeana, J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez, On the second order linear differential equation, Pure and Appl. Maths. Lett. 2 (2014) 31-34.
  • J. López-Bonilla, A. Zaldívar-Sandoval, J. Yaljá Montiel, 2th order linear differential operator in its exact form, J. Vect. Rel. 5, No. 1 (2010) 139-141.
  • J. López-Bonilla, S. Vidal-Beltrán, S. Yáñez-San Agustín, Homogeneous linear differential equation ofsecond order, Prespacetime Journal 7, No. 13 (2016) 1786-1788. J. López-Bonilla, G. Posadas-Durán, O. Salas-Torres, Variational principle for, Prespacetime Journal 8, No. 2 (2017) 226-228.
  • J. López-Bonilla, B. Man Tuladhar, B. Moreno-Ley, On the 3rd. order linear differential equation, Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci. Eng. & Techn. 8, No. 2 (2012) 7-10.
  • T. Quinn, S. Rai, Variation of parameters in differential equations, PRIMUS 23, No. 1 (2012) 25-44.
  • V. Barrera F., J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez, On the particular solution of Prespacetime Journal 7, No. 12 (2016) 1677-1679.
  • Z. Ahsan, Differential equations and their applications, Prentice-Hall, New Delhi (2004).
  • Z. Ahsan, R. Cruz-Santiago, J. López-Bonilla, Linear differential equations of third and fourth order, Aligarh Bull. Maths. 31, No. 1 (2012) 5-7

 

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On the Roots of the Legendre Laguerre, and Hermite Polynomials

 S. Álvarez-Ballesteros, J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez,
ESIME-Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Edif. 5, 1er. Piso, Col. Lindavista CP 07738, CDMX, México
*jlopezb@ipn.mx

ABSTRACT. For several orthogonal polynomials, Cohen proved that their roots are the eigenvalues of symmetric tridiagonal matrices. In this paper, we give examples of this Cohen’s result for the Legendre, Laguerre, and Hermite polynomials, which are useful in applications to quantum mechanics and numerical analysis.

KEYWORDS: Laguerre and Hermite polynomials, Leverrier-Takeno’s technique, Legendre polynomials.

 

REFERENCES:

  • A. Bucur, B. E. Carvajal-Gámez, J. López-Bonilla, Laguerre polynomials: Their Laplace transform via equidistant interpolation, J. Sci. Res. 53 (2009) 257-258.
  • A. M. Cohen, An algebraic approach to certain differential eigenvalue problems, Linear Algebra and its Appls. 240 (1996) 183-198.
  • A. M. Cohen, Numerical methods for Laplace inversion, Springer, New York (2007). C. Lanczos, Applied analysis, Dover, New York (1988). D. S. Watkins, The QR algorithm revisited, SIAM Rev. 50 (2008) 133-145.
  • E. R. Smith, Zeroes of the hermitean polynomials, Am. Math. Monthly 43 (1936) 354-358. F. Pidduck, Laguerre polynomials in quantum mechanics, J. London Math. Soc. (1) 4 (1929) 163-166.
  • G. Golub, F. Uhlig, The QR algorithm: 50 years later its genesis by John Francis and Vera Kublanovskaya and subsequent developments, IMA J. Numer. Anal. 29, No. 3 (2009) 467-485.
  • H. E. Salzer, R. Zucker, R. Capuano, Table of the zeros and weight factors of the first twenty Hermite polynomials, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand. 48, No. 2 (1952) 111-116.
  • http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Laguerre-GaussQuadrature.html
  • https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/104845/the-roots-of-hermite-polynomials-are-allreal
  • I. Guerrero-Moreno, J. López-Bonilla, J. Rivera-Rebolledo, Leverrier-Takeno coefficients for the characteristic polynomial of a matrix, J. Inst. Eng. 8, No. 1-2 (2011) 255-258.
  • J. H. Caltenco, J. López-Bonilla, J. Rivera-Rebolledo, Gaussian quadrature via Hermite and Lagrange interpolations, J. Sci. Res. 55 (2011) 177-180.
  • J. G. F. Francis, The QR transformation: A unitary analogue to the LR transformation, The Computer Journal 4, No. 3 (1961) 265-271 and 332-345.
  • J. H. Caltenco, J. López-Bonilla, R. Peña-Rivero, Morse’s radial wave function, Lithuanian J. of Phys. 50, No. 4 (2010) 403-404.
  • J. López-Bonilla, A. Lucas-Bravo, S. Vidal-Beltrán, Integral relationship between Hermite and Laguerre polynomials: Its application in quantum mechanics, Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci. 42, No. 1 (2005) 63-65.
  • J. López-Bonilla, B. Man Tuladhar, R. Peña-Rivero, Relationship between wave functions of two-dimensional hydrogen atom in parabolic and polar coordinates, J. Sci. Res. 54 (2010) 219-22.
  • J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez, H. Torres-Silva, On the Legendre polynomials, Prespacetime Journal 6, No. 8 (2015) 735-739.
  • J. López-Bonilla, G. Posadas-Durán, On the Saha’s generating function for the Hermite polynomials, Prespacetime Journal 7, No. 13 (2016) 1805-1806.
  • J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez, V. M. Salazar del Moral, On some identities for the Laguerre polynomials, Prespacetime Journal 8, No. 10 (2017) to appear.
  • J. Mawhin, A. Ronveaux, Schrödinger and Dirac equations for the hydrogen atom, and Laguerre polynomials, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 64 (2010) 429-460.
  • R. Cruz-Santiago, J. López-Bonilla, S. Yáñez-San Agustín, A note on the Laguerre polynomials, Prespacetime Journal 8, No. 4 (2017) 511-512.
  • R. E. Greenwood, J. J. Miller, Zeros of the Hermite polynomials and weights for Gauss mechanical quadrature formula, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 54, No. 8 (1948) 765-769.
  • V. Barrera-Figueroa, J. López-Bonilla, J. Sosa, Multiple root finder algorithm for Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials via Newton’s method, Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae 33 (2006) 3-13.
  • V. Barrera-Figueroa, J. López-Bonilla, J. Sosa, Method of moments and non-uniform sampling via Legendre polynomials roots, Bol. Soc. Cub. Mat. Comp. 7, No. 1 (2009) 19-33.
  • V. N. Kublanovskaya, Certain algorithms for the solution of the complete eigenvalue problem, Soviet Math. Dokl. 2 (1961) 17-19.Download Full Paper Here (Right-Click and Save As..)

Relationship between Water Quality & Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Abundance in Tambunan District, Sabah

Nur Ashiqin Abdul Hamid1*, Maria Lourdes T. Lardizabal1, Hiroyuki Takaoka2Estherpeni Stephen1 & Maznah Mahali
1Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, Jln. UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
Corresponding author: Nur Ashiqin Abudul Hamid Email: ashiqinhamid@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. A study to investigate the relationship between black flies (Simuliidae) pupa abundance and physio-chemical parameters such as velocity, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and total dissolved solid was conducted at Tambunan district, Sabah. A total of six rivers were selected as sampling stations. Five sampling points located at a distance of 5-10 meters were established in each sampling station. Sampling was conducted every fortnight for a duration of six months from October 2015 until March 2017. Samples of black flies larvae and pupae were manually collected from substrates consisting of grasses, plant roots and plastics which were found stuck in between the rocks with running water area. Water quality parameters that were measured during every sampling, include water temperature, velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and total dissolve solids (TDS). Results from this study showed that The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two PC’s which had eigenvalues >1.0 and together accounted for 78% total variability of the physio-chemical parameters. PC-1 which accounted 56% of variability defined a normal temperature (23-250C), high water velocity, high dissolved oxygen, low conductivity and low total dissolved solid. While PC-2 explained 22% of the variability was related to water pH. Pearson’s correlation result shows that only velocity had a significant relationship with the abundance of black flies (r=0.512, p<0.01), while other parameters did not show any significant relationship with its abundance. In conclusion, results from this study revealed that only water velocity had a significant relationship with the abundance of black flies.

KEYWORDS: Black flies, physio-chemical parameters, Tambunan.

 

REFERENCES:

  • Adler, P.H., Currie, D.C., & Wood, D.M. (2004). The Black flies (Simuliidae) of North America. ROM Publication in Sciences, New York, NY
  • Adler, P. H. (2005). Black flies, the Simuliidae. In W. C. Marquardt (ed.).Biology of DiseaseVectors, 2ndedition. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego. 127-140 pp.
  • Butler, J.F & Hogsette, J A. (1998). Blackflies. Simulium spp.(Insecta:Diptera:Simuliidae). University of Florida, IFAS Extension,EENY-030. Retrieved 23th November 2015.(http://entomolpgy.ifas.ufl.edu).
  • Catherine A.H, Jessica P & John F. (2010). Black Flies : Biology and Public Health Risk Department of Entomology. Purdue University, E-251-W.
  • Cummins, K.W. (1988). The functional role of black flies in streamecosystems,pp.1 -10.
  • In Kim, K.C. & Merrit, R.W (eds) Black flies : Ecology, Population Management, and Annotated World List. Pennslvania State University, University Park, P.A.
  • Craig, D.A. (2003). Geomorphology, Development of Running Water Habitats, and Evolutiuon of Black flies on Polynesian Islands. BioScience. 53 (11):1079-1093 pp.
  • Creadie, J.W., Adler, P.H & Beard, C.E. (2011). Ecology of Symbiotes of Larval Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): Distribution, Diversity and Scale. Entomological Society of America. Environmental Entomology. 40 (2): 259-302 pp.
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  • Doisy, K.E, Hall, R.D. & Fischer, F.J. (1986). The Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of an Ozark Stream in South Missouri and Associated Water Quality Measurement. Journal of The Kansas Entomology Society. 59 (1): 133-142 pp.
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  • Hart, D.D. (1986). The Adaptive Significant of Territoriality in Filter-Feeding Larval Blackflies (Diptera:Simuliidae).Oikos, Vol. 46, (1): 88-92 pp.
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  • Popoola, K. O. K & Otalekor, A. 2011. Analysis of Aquatic Insect’s Community of Awba Reservoir and its Physio-chemical Properties. Journal of Environmental and Earth Science. 3(4):422- 428 pp.
  • Scheibler, E. E., & Debandi, G. O. 2008. Spatial and Temporal patterns in the aquatic community of high altitude Andean stream (Mendoza, Argentina). Aquatic Insect. Taylor and Francis Group. 30 (2): 145-161
  • Siddaramu, D & Puttaiah, E.T. (2013). Physiochemical characteristic of Balagala Kere and Purali Kere of Shimoga District, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Advanced Research. 1 (8):313-321pp.
  • Srisuka, W. Takaoka. H, Yatsushi, O. Masako. F, Sorawat. T, Kristsana. Y, Wej. C, Atiporn, S. 2015.Seasonal biodiversity of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and evaluation of ecological factor influencing species distribution at Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park, Thailand. Elsevier. 149: 212-219.
  • Takaoka, H. (2001). Two new and three newly recorded species of Black flies(Diptera: Simuliidae) in Sabah, Malaysia.Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 29: 111 114 pp.
  • Takaoka, H. (2008). Taxonomic revision of tuberosum species-group of Simulium (Simulium) in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia (Diptera:Simuliidae). Med Entomology and Zoology. 59 (2): 55-80 pp. Takaoka, H., Sofian, M.A. Rosli, H.
  • Yasushi, O. Daicus, M.B. & Tan, P.E. (2012). Relationships of Black fly species of the Simulium tuberosum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to ten Malaysia Species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 60 (2): 533-538 pp.
  • Takaoka, H. (1996). Description of a new species of Simulium (Simulium) from Sabah, Malaysia (Diptera :Simuliidae). Journal of Japan Medical Zoology. 24 (3). 157-161 pp.
  • Tariq, M. , Ali, M & Shah, Z. (2006). Characteristic of industrial effluents and their possible impacts on quality of underground water. Soil & Environment. 25 (1) :64-49pp.
  • Vincent, H., & John, D. 1975. Water Quality Monitoring and Aquatic Organism: The Importance of Species Identification. Vol. (47).No 1, pp.9-19
  • Zhang, Y., Malmqvist, B. & Englund, G. (1998). Ecological processes affecting community structure of black fly larvae in regulated and unregulated rivers. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35: 678-686 pp.
  • Zubaidah, Y. Takaoka, H. Pramual, P. Low, V.L. & Sofian, A.M. 2016. Breeding habitat preference of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuiidae) in Peninular Malaysia. Acta Tropica, Elsevier. 153: 57-63.

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VOLUME 38, Issue 1

List Of Papers
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF SOILS FROM MENENGAI CRATER IN KENYA
Paul Njenga Waithaka1*, Francis B. Mwaura1, John M. Wagacha1, Eliud M. Gathuru2, Francis M. Ngumbu2 and Anderson K. Mwangi2

TYPE AND QUANTITY OF MARINE DEBRIS AT SELECTED PUBLIC BEACHES IN SABAH (TG. ARU & KOSUHOI) DURING DIFFERENT MONSOON SEASONS
Julyus-Melvin Mobilik1,*, Teck-Yee Ling1Mohd-Lokman Bin Husain2, & Ruhana Hassan1

A REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE ON BIRDS
Emily A. Gilbert, Jephte Sompud*, Cynthia B. Sompud

BIRD POPULATION IN TWO YEARS OLD Acacia mangium PLANTATION, SABAH FOREST INDUSTRIES SDN BHD
Kee Sze Lue, Jephte Sompud*, Lee Woon Jah, Cynthia Boon Sompud, Emily Gilbert

GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL AT SILAM COAST CONSERVATION AREA (SCCA) SILAM, SABAH
Zulherry Isnain1, *Junaidi Asis1, Hazerina Pungut2, Sanudin Tahir2, Baba Musta1 & Hardianshah Saleh2

 

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CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF SOILS FROM MENENGAI CRATER IN KENYA

Paul Njenga Waithaka1*, Francis B. Mwaura1, John M. Wagacha1, Eliud M. Gathuru2, Francis M. Ngumbu2 and Anderson K. Mwangi2
1University of Nairobi, school of biological sciences, P. O. Box, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
2Egerton University, Department of biological sciences, P. O. Box, 536 Njoro, Kenya
Corresponding author; Paul Njenga Waithaka, Cell; +254 721104637, Email; waithakanj@gmail.com, waithakanj@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT A total of 98 soil samples collected from Menengai geothermal site located in Nakuru, Kenya were analyzed for their chemical and microbial components. In region A, phosphorus, sodium, nitrogen and carbon were deficient, region B and C, phosphorus and manganese while in while in D the deficient minerals were phosphorus, sodium, nitrogen and carbon. Toxic minerals were calcium and magnesium in regions A, B, C and D. The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli with a mean of (3.35×107) while the least were Bacillus sp. (1.40×105). Among the fungi, the most dominant were Aspergillus nomius with a mean of 4.42x 104 with the least been Panicillium sacculum (8.09×103). As much as geothermal exploration is important in boosting the country’s energy reserves, there is need to rehabilitate the caldera so as to restore the microbial composition of the region.

Keywords: diversity, crater, geothermal, Menengai, microbial, chemical

 

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TYPE AND QUANTITY OF MARINE DEBRIS AT SELECTED PUBLIC BEACHES IN SABAH (TG. ARU & KOSUHOI) DURING DIFFERENT MONSOON SEASONS

Julyus-Melvin Mobilik1,*, Teck-Yee Ling1,

Mohd-Lokman Bin Husain2, & Ruhana Hassan1
1Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
2Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Email: julyus.mobilik@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. Marine debris is widely distributed at the coastal area of the global oceans, but their specific sources, quantities and distribution remains inconclusive. Although the threat from marine debris pollution has beginning to be recognized in Malaysia, comprehensive studies are still lacking to document the pollution. This study adopted a standard method of beach marine debris survey to assess the type, amount and sources of debris on a one kilometer section in Tg. Aru and Kosuhoi beaches, Sabah, during surveys in December 2012 (northeast monsoon, NEM), May 2013 (intermediate monsoon, IM) and July 2013 (southwest monsoon, SWM). The mean total debris items was 1,220±532 item/km and weighing at 52.8±17.2 kg/km, where, Kosuhoi beach (1,241 item/km or 57 kg/km) received substantially greater quantities of debris compared to Tg. Aru beach (1,199 item/km or 48 kg/km). Total debris items was more abundant during SWM (1,789 item/km) compared to NEM (1,139 item/km) and IM (733 item/km) seasons. Plastic category objects were the most numerous amounting to 1,057 item/km (86.64%) in total debris items. Clear plastic bottles, food wrappers, plastic fragments, colored plastic bottles and cups were the most abundant objects collected which they contributed 606 item/km (49.69%) from the total debris item collected. The main source of debris objects abundance was from common source which contributed 52% from the total debris objects, whereas, those from terrestrial and marine sources contributed 32% and 16% respectively.  The high percentage of terrestrial and common sources debris requires marine environment stakeholders to diversify their approach and priority in mitigating this alarming result especially during SWM period. Awareness program is an effective preventive measure that should be continued and intensified. However, the program should focus on target group to ensure the awareness effectiveness to reduce if not totally eliminate the debris in the marine environment.

KEYWORDS. Beach pollution, plastic, monsoon seasons, marine debris source, Sabah

 

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A REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE ON BIRDS

Emily A. Gilbert, Jephte Sompud*, Cynthia B. Sompud
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 44800 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
E-mail: jefty2003@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. This review addresses the impacts of the noise, the vital role of acoustic communication and the response of the bird in overcoming the increased anthropogenic noise. The rapid development human activities nowadays induce the noise that interrupt the acoustic communication of birds. Disturbance of the signals transmission causes detrimental impact on the birds as they are highly depending on the acoustic communication for their survival, territory defense and reproduction. Continuous exposure of the noise then results in the declination of species richness of which have been stated by several past studies. Although most of the studies stated that the negative impact as a consequences from the anthropogenic noise, however there is positive effect contributed by the noise of which are also recorded in other studies. Moreover, the impacts other variables such as vegetation density that cause major changes to the bird population as compared to noise have also been highlighted in several studies. This indicates that considering several influencing factor is important in measuring impact that leads to the changes that occur within the bird population. Thus, in depth studies on the impacts of anthropogenic noise towards the species of birds by taking into account other contributing variables is important to enable the noise management to be conducted effectively especially in development areas as way in conserving the biodiversity of the bird population.

KEYWORDS. Anthropogenic noise, avian community, bird’s population, acoustic communication

 

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BIRD POPULATION IN TWO YEARS OLD Acacia mangium PLANTATION, SABAH FOREST INDUSTRIES SDN BHD

Kee Sze Lue, Jephte Sompud*, Lee Woon Jah, Cynthia Boon Sompud, Emily Gilbert
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
E-mail: jefty2003@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. Large areas of tropical forest worldwide have been converted rapidly into forest plantation. Plantation can play an important role in restoring productivity, ecosystem stability, and biological diversity to degraded tropical lands. However, the conversion of forest areas to plantation rapidly resulting birds to lose their natural habitat. Therefore, Acacia mangium plantations have the potential as the refuges for birds. As such, this study was conducted to investigate the bird population in 2-year Acacia mangium plantation, Sabah Forest Industries (SFI), Sabah to determine the bird population density and diversity of 2 year mangium plantation in SFI. There is no published information of the detailed status of bird in SFI yet. Bird survey was done by using point count method. The bird population density was analyzed by using distance 6.2 and bird diversity was calculated by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index. A total of 343 birds belong to 53 species from 21 families were detected. The bird population in 2-year mangium plantation was 17.71 individual per hectare and Shannon-Wiener diversity index for bird diversity was 3.24. This study shows that the bird population density and diversity in SFI were higher as compared to other past studies in Borneo plantation area.

KEYWORDS. Forest plantation, population density, bird diversity, Acacia mangium,  Sabah

 

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